第11课

11变废为宝有妙招Waste to Treasure

暴增的垃圾Increasing garbage

在我们的生产生活中，会产生各种各样的垃圾In our production and life, we produce all kinds of garbage.

调查一下家庭和学校一天产生多少垃圾。Find out how much garbage is produced in a day at home and school.

一天产生的垃圾量The amount of garbage produced in a day

场所Place

家home

班级Class

学校School

重量Weight

调查统计后,你发现了什么?

What did you find after the survey statistics?

美丽的地球是我们唯一的家园。现在,暴增的垃圾正在挤占我们宝贵的生存空间! The beautiful earth is our only home. Now, the explosion of garbage is squeezing our precious living space!

你见过类似的场景吗?说说你当时的感受。Have you ever seen a similar scene? Tell us how you felt at that time.

活动园Activity Garden

分小组调查一下,你生活周边有没有随意丢弃、堆放生活垃圾的情况。通过看新闻、的搜索等途径,了解你居住的城市生活垃圾处理情况。

Work in small groups to find out if there is any garbage around your life that is thrown away or piled up. Read the news and search for information about the waste disposal situation in your city.

迅速扩大的“垃圾家族”,其危害可不仅仅是挤占我们的生存空间。The rapidly expanding "garbage family" can do more harm than just crowding our living space.

常见人们在村头、水塘边、路旁随意乱丢的生活垃圾。每到夏季,散发着刺鼻的臭味,雨天污水四溢,蚊虫也特别多。周围环境被污染,危害人们健康!

It is common to see people littering the village, ponds and roadsides. In summer, it emits a pungent odor, and in rainy days, sewage overflows and mosquitoes are especially abundant. The surrounding environment is polluted, endangering people's health!

填埋垃圾中的有毒物质会渗透到土壤中、地下水里,对填埋场周围的土壤和地下水造成严重污染。

垃圾焚烧会产生多种致癌物质,特别是露天焚烧垃圾,对人、动物、植物都会造成严重的伤害。

Toxic substances in landfill waste can penetrate into the soil and groundwater, causing serious pollution to the soil and groundwater around the landfill.

Burning garbage can produce many kinds of carcinogenic substances, especially open burning garbage, which can cause serious harm to people, animals and plants.

知识窗Knowledge Window

垃圾的超长“寿命” The long "life" of garbage

电池:约100年Batteries: about 100 years

混合废塑料:约30万年mixed waste plastics: about 300,000 years

玻璃瓶及玻璃制品:约100万年

Glass bottles and glass products: about 1 million years

垃圾还有哪些危害呢?

What are the other hazards of garbage?

多数废弃物中都有可再利用的宝贵资源,如果不充分利用,不仅污染境,还会造成巨大的资源浪费。Most of the waste has valuable resources that can be reused, but if not fully utilized, it will not only pollute the environment, but also cause a huge waste of resources.

上海世博会活动场馆的座椅是用废弃的牛奶盒制成的。大家想想,我们平时随意把牛奶盒扔掉是多大的资源浪费呀

The seats in the Shanghai World Expo are made of discarded milk cartons. Think about it, we usually throw away milk cartons at will is a great waste of resources!

上海世博会环保座椅Eco-friendly seats at the Shanghai World Expo

知识窗Knowledge Window

(表示适宜回收和资源再利用的垃圾) (indicates the waste that is suitable for recycling and resource reuse)

可回收物Recyclables

废纸类Waste paper

废塑料Waste plastic

废玻璃Waste glass

废金属Scrap metal

废纺织物Waste and scrap textile

废瓶罐Waste bottles and cans

这些垃圾中哪些是可回收再利用的资源?

Which of these wastes are recyclable resources?

玻璃瓶Glass bottles

废报纸Waste newspaper

塑料气泡膜Plastic bubble wrap

食物残余Food remnants

铁罐Iron cans

牛奶盒Milk cartons

减少垃圾    变废为宝Reduce waste and turn it into treasure

在我们的生产和生活中,垃圾的产生不可避免。怎样才能减少垃圾产生,减轻垃圾

对环境的污染,减少对资源的浪费呢? In our production and life, the 

generation of garbage is inevitable. How can we reduce the production

 of garbage, reduce the pollution of the environment, and reduce the 

waste of resources?

我妈妈出门买东西,都是自带购物袋,这样就减少了塑料袋的使用。My mother 

always brings her own shopping bags when she goes out to buy things,

 which reduces the use of plastic bags.

我在扔废弃物前,常想想它还有没有利用价值。如我小时候的玩具,都送给邻居小

朋友啦! Before I throw away the waste, I always think about whether it

 has any value. For example, when I was a kid, I gave all my toys to 

my neighbor's kids!

吃饭时,我会吃多少盛多少,不剩饭,这样就减少了生活垃圾。When I eat, I eat

 as much as I can and don't leave any leftovers, so I can reduce my 

waste

我买东西时,会先想一想,是不是真的需要买,原有的是不是真的不能再用了。When

 I buy something, I think about whether I really need to buy it and

 whether I can't use the original one anymore.

我还可以…I can also...

如果把垃圾在源头就分类放置,有的可以直接再利用,有的可以经过回收、加工再

利用,这样就能大大减少垃圾数量,还能让很多垃圾变为资源。If the garbage is 

separated at the source, some can be reused directly and some can be

 recycled, processed and reused, this will greatly reduce the amount of 

garbage and turn a lot of garbage into resources.

你能帮它们找到家吗? Can you help them find homes?

可回收垃圾Recyclable waste

厨余垃圾Food waste

有害垃圾Hazardous waste

其他垃圾Other garbage

废纸箱Cardboard

易拉罐Old toothbrushes

旧牙刷Broken glass

碎玻璃Broken Glass

废电池Waste batteries

过期药品Expired medicines

食物残余Food remnants

各类垃圾混在一起丢弃,垃圾就很难再利用。要想更好地对垃圾再利用,必须进行垃圾分类。分类之后,那些看起来毫无价值的垃圾,有些可以进行再利用。It is difficult to reuse waste when it is mixed with other types of waste. In order to reuse waste better, it is necessary to separate it. After sorting, some of the seemingly worthless garbage can be reused.

厨余垃圾的自述Food waste

大家好!我是厨余垃圾我被扔在厨余垃圾桶内。Hello everyone! I am food waste. I am thrown in the food waste bin.。

在垃圾处理厂,我将用二十天的时间泡个热水澡,高温杀菌

加入活性污泥或动物的粪便后,我在沼气池内会慢慢分解发酵,变成可以发电或烧火做饭的“生物燃料” At the waste treatment plant, I will spend 20 days in a hot bath, sterilized by heat

After adding activated sludge or animal manure, I will slowly decompose and ferment in the digester, turning it into "biofuel" that can be used to generate electricity or cook with fire.

之后,我就变成了庄稼喜欢的有机肥料After that, I become an organic fertilizer that crops love.

听了厨余垃圾的自述,你有什么感受?垃圾分类有什么好处? How do you feel after listening to the story of food waste? What are the benefits of waste separation?

相关链接Related Links

“妈妈,你今天对垃圾进行分类了吗?” "Mom, did you sort the garbage 

today?" " “奶奶,这个菜叶要跟其他生活垃圾分开!” Grandma, this

 vegetable leaf should be separated from other household garbage!"……

这样的话语常常出现在深圳市的许多学生家庭中,他们已成为家庭中垃圾分类

的小小监督员。...... Such words often appear in many students' homes

 in Shenzhen, and they have become little supervisors of garbage 

classification in their families.深圳市2015年8月1日开始实施《深圳市

生活垃圾分类和减量管理办法》,推出了多个创新举措:编制了《居民生活垃圾

分类指导手册》,设立了“资源回收日”,开展了垃圾分类和减量达标学校、小

区、公园等创建活动。

 Shenzhen City, August 1, 2015 began to implement the "Shenzhen 

domestic waste classification and reduction management measures", the

 introduction of a number of innovative initiatives: the preparation

 of "residents of domestic waste classification guidance manual", 

the establishment of "resource recycling day", the creation of waste

 classification and reduction of standard schools, neighborhoods,

 parks and other activities.到2016年年底,共创建生活垃圾分类示范学校

100所。深圳率先从学校开始,从娃娃抓起,每年推选100名生活垃圾分类和减量

学生“推广大使”,带领同学推广实施生活垃圾分类,逐步走向“教育一个孩子、

影响一个家庭、带动一个社区、推动整个社会”的目标。By the end of 2016,

 a total of 100 demonstration schools for domestic waste classification

 were created. Shenzhen takes the lead from schools, starting from 

children, every year to select 100 student "promotion ambassadors" of

 domestic waste separation and reduction, leading students to promote

 the implementation of domestic waste separation, gradually towards 

the "education of a child, influence a family, drive a community, 

promote the whole society The goal is to "educate a child, influence

 a family, motivate a community and promote the whole society"

你能为社区、家庭或者班级想一个垃圾分类的妙招吗? 

Can you think of a good idea for your community, family or class to

 separate garbage?

有些废弃物,不是它们真的没用了,而是我们没有发现再利用它们的方法。There are some wastes that are not really useless, but we have not found a way to reuse them.

你能研究出这些废弃物三种以上再利用的方法吗?你还能选择哪些废弃物进行改造再利用呢?

Can you find more than three ways to reuse these wastes? What other wastes can you choose to reuse?

小组合作或在父母的协助下将废旧物品再利用,然后在班里办一个“变废为宝创意展”吧Work in small groups or with your parents' help to reuse the waste items, and then hold a "Waste to Treasure Creative Exhibition" in class.。

瓶盖象棋Bottle cap chess

轮胎花盆Tire planters