Unit 4 第四单元 Sun, Earth and Moon 太阳、地球和月亮 Since ancient times, man has not stopped observing the sun, earth and moon. 自古以来，人类就没有停止过对太阳、地球和月亮的观察。 From Ptolemy's doctrine that the balloon is the center of the universe to Copernicus' heliocentric theory, mankind has been on a relentless quest. 从托勒密“气球是宇宙中心”的学说到哥白尼“日心说”的阐述，人类在进行着不懈的探索。 Now, let's follow the footsteps of scientists' exploration and solve the mystery in our hearts. 现在，让我们沿着科学家探索的足迹，解开我们的心中之谜。 Unit activity preparation 单元活动准备 Systematic observations will help us in our research. 系统的观察会给我们的研究提供帮助。 Organize observation records of the starry sky in all seasons. 整理对四季星空的观察记录。 Choose a flowering plant as the object of observation and record its flowering condition. 选一种开花植物作为观察对象，记录其开花情况。 Record your own work and rest schedule. 记录自己的作息时间。 Observe and record the changes of the moon during a month. 观察、记录月亮一个月中的变化情况。 Look up information about the human biological clock. 查阅关于人体生物钟的资料。 Check the information to understand the pattern of animal activity time. 查阅资料了解动物活动时间的规律。 Collect information about the sun, the moon, solar and lunar eclipses. 搜集关于太阳、月球、日食和月食的相关资料。 Collected information should be attributed! 搜集到的资料要注明出处！ What else should I do to prepare? 还要做些什么准备呢？ Our group prepared in this way. 我们小组这样准备。 Third group preparation plan 第三小组准备计划 1. 2. 3. 14 Day and Night白天与黑夜 The historical understanding of the change of day and night. 历史上人们对昼夜变化的认识。 According to the ancient Greek scholar Ptolemy. 古希腊学者托勒密认为： The Earth is at the center of the universe standing still, while the Sun, Moon and other celestial bodies move around the Earth, so there is a change of day and night on Earth. 地球处在宇宙的中心静止不动，而太阳、月亮等天体围绕地球运动，所以地球上就有了白天和黑夜的更替。 The Polish astronomer Copernicus offered a different insight. 波兰天文学家哥白尼则提出了不同的见解： The earth is not the center of the universe, the sun is the center of the motion of the earth, the moon and other celestial bodies, and in fact the earth is in motion. 地球不是宇宙的中心，太阳才是地球、月亮等天体运动的中心，实际上地球也在运动。 Can you point out the sun, the earth, and the moon? 你能指出太阳、地球、月亮吗？ Data Card 资料卡 Nikkei says 日心说 Heliocentrism, also known as heliocentrism, was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in his book "The Theory of the Movement of the Heavenly Bodies" after more than 40 years of exploration based on previous research, the main points being. 日心说又叫太阳中心说，是波兰天文学家哥白尼在前人研究的基础上，经过40多年的探索，在他所著《天体运行论》一书中提出来的，主要内容是： 1. The Sun is the center of the universe. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc. are in circular orbit around the Sun at a uniform speed. 1.太阳是宇宙的中心，水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星等都在圆形轨道上匀速围绕太阳进行。 2. The Moon is a satellite of the Earth and rotates around the Earth once a month in a circular orbit. 2.月亮是地球的卫星，沿圆形轨道上每个月绕地球旋转一周。 3. The Earth rotates from west to east every day, thus the sun, moon and stars rise in the east and set in the west. 3.地球每天自西向东自转一周，因而出现日月星辰东升西落的现象。 Copernicus' heliocentric theory corrected some of the errors in Ptolemy's geocentric theory and laid the foundation for a sound concept of the universe. 哥白尼的日心说把托勒密地心说中的一些错误纠正了过为建立完善的宇宙概念奠定了基础。 Study of the causes of diurnal change 研究昼夜更替的原因 Arctic Ground axis 北极 地轴 The Earth rotates continuously from west to east around its axis, which is the Earth's rotation. It takes about 24 hours for the Earth to rotate for one week. 地球自西向东绕地轴不停地旋转着，这就是地球的自转。地球自转一周的时间大约是24小时。 Sunshine 太阳光 Causes of diurnal variation. 昼夜更替的原因： Which areas of the Earth are dark when we are at 12:00 noon? 当我们处于中午12点时，地球上的哪些地区是黑夜？ Based on your observations of sunrise and sunset times, blacken the squares that indicate night. What do you find? 根据对日出、日落时间的观察，把表示黑夜的方格涂黑。你有什么发现呢？ |
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