twenty-three23 The closely connected biosphere密切联系的生物界 What is the food relationship between organisms? 生物之间有什么食物关系？ What are the creatures in the pond? 池塘里有哪些生物？ What's the relationship between them? 他们之间有什么关系？ Food relations among organisms 生物之间的食物关系 Let's play the food relationship between creatures. 我们来演一演生物之间的食物关系。 What happens to other creatures when one disappears? 当一种生物消失以后，其他生物会发生什么变化？ In an ecological environment, the food link between various organisms is called the food chain.在一个生态环境中，各种生物之间的食物联系叫做食物链。 Food chains crisscross each other, forming a food web. 食物链相互交错，就形成了食物网。 These creatures live together and form a closely related biosphere. 这些生物共同生活在一起，构成了密切联系的生物界。 If we don't use insecticides to kill insects, how can we prevent plants from being damaged by insects? 如果不采用药灭虫，怎样防止植物遭受虫害？ How does "dung beetle" solve this problem? “屎壳郎”是怎样解决这个难题的？ index card for files 资料卡 "Dung beetle" going abroad 屎壳郎”出国 In 1978, China and Australia signed a trade agreement, which made a large number of exports of fags to Australia. How interesting it is! Why should Australia buy China's "faggard"? 1978年，我国与澳大利亚签订了一项贸易协定，由我国向澳大利亚大量出口“屎壳郎”。这多有趣呀！澳大利亚为什么要买我国的“屎壳郎”呢? It turns out that Australia is a country with very developed animal husbandry. 原来，澳大利亚是一个畜牧业十分发达的国家。 On the boundless grassland, hundreds of millions of cattle and sheep excrete hundreds of millions of piles of feces every day. 无边无际的草原上，数以亿万计的牛羊每天要排出几亿堆粪便。 Cattle and sheep dung accumulated for a long time, the pasture was destroyed, and the environment was polluted. Australia bought China's "dung beetle" just to solve this problem. 牛羊粪长期堆积，牧草被毁，环境被污染。澳大利亚买我国的“屎壳郎”，正是为了解决这一难题。 "Dung beetles" are the "scavengers" of the grassland. They make piles of dung into one dung ball after another on the grassland, dig out the soil, push the dung ball into the ground, and then lay their own eggs in the dung ball.“ 屎壳郎”是草原的“清道夫”，它们在草原上把大堆的粪便做成一个又一个粪球，又挖出泥土，把粪球推入地下，然后在粪球里产下自己的卵。 These fecal balls hatch larvae in the process of fermentation and heating, and prepare nutrients for the larvae. At the same time, they also remove garbage for the grassland and fertilize the pasture .这些粪球在发酵发热的过程中孵化了幼虫，为幼虫准备了养料，同时也为草原清除了垃圾，为牧草施了肥。 It is the "labor" of these "dung beetles" that loosens the soil, promotes the growth of pasture, restores the harmony of nature, and restores the vitality of grassland. 正是这些“屎壳郎”的“劳动”疏松了土壤，促进了牧草生长使大自然恢复了和谐，草原恢复了生机。 Therefore, Australia's prosperous animal husbandry and China's "dung beetle" a credit! 因此，澳大利亚繁荣的畜牧业还有我国“屎壳郎”的一份功劳呢！ Design an ecological experiment bottle to observe how the organisms in the bottle maintain the ecological balance. 设计一个生态实验瓶，观察里面的生物是如何维持瓶内生态平衡的。 Consult the data, understand the causes of soil desertification, and design a soil protection plan. 查阅资料，了解土壤沙化的原因，并设计一份土壤保护方案。 |
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