第一课

第一单元

Unit 1

人体内部的秘密

 Secrets inside the human body 

第一课

Lesson one

食物到哪里去了

Where's the food

1.我们每天都要吃食物。吃下的食物都到哪里去了 ？

We eat food every day. Where's all the food?

l 碘酒、滴管、试管、淀粉液 、馒头等 。

l  Iodine, dropper, test tube, starch solution, steamed bread, etc

2.食物在身体里的运动变化过程 。

The movement and change process of food in the body

（1）食物经过了口腔 ……

The food passed through the mouth

（2）食物又到了哪里 ？

Where is the food

（3）我来画画食物在人体内的旅行路线 ……

I'm going to draw the route of food traveling in the human body

l 口腔 食道 肝 胆 胃 胰 大肠  小肠 直肠

Oral, esophageal, hepatobiliary, gastropancreatic, colorectal, enterorectal

3.植物是如何被消化的 ？

How are plants digested?

（1）嚼馒头时 ，感觉有点甜 ……

When chewing steamed bread, it feels a little sweet

（2）食物在胃里 ……

The food is in the stomach

（3）我们做这个实验验证一下吧 。

Let's do this experiment to verify it

实验提示

Experimental tips

     取两支试管 ，分别加入等量的淀粉液 。在其中一支试管中加入少量唾液  ，并摇匀。

Take two test tubes and add the same amount of starch solution. Add a small amount of saliva to one of the tubes and shake well.

将两支试管放入37℃左右的温水中 。过一会儿 ，分别往两支试管中加入一滴碘酒，观察现象 。

Put the two tubes into warm water at about 37 ℃. After a while, add a drop of iodine to the two test tubes to observe the phenomenon.

（4）这说明 ……

This shows that

（5）颜色 ……

Color

资料卡

index card for files

人的口腔内有唾液腺 ，它能分泌唾液 。唾液里有一种促进食物消化的酶，它能把淀粉分解成麦芽糖  。

There are salivary glands in the human mouth, which can secrete saliva. There is an enzyme in saliva that promotes digestion of food. It can break down starch into maltose

（6）唾液 、胃液 、肠液、胆汁 、胰液这些消化液帮助消化 。

Saliva, gastric juice, intestinal juice, bile and pancreatic juice help digestion.

（7）食物在胃里被研磨和分解 。

Food is ground and broken down in the stomach

（8）营养成分在这里被消化吸收了 。

Nutrients are digested and absorbed here

（9）原来食物的消化经过了这么复杂的过程 。

It turns out that the digestion of food goes through such a complicated process.

    资料卡

index card for files

     人吃进的食物中含有蛋白质 、脂肪 、淀粉等营养成分 。经过人体的消化 ，它们被分解成可供人体生长和组织修补的材料 ，同时提供人体生命活动所需的能量 。

The food people eat contains protein, fat, starch and other nutrients. After digestion by the human body, they are decomposed into materials that can be used for human growth and tissue repair, and provide energy for human life activities.

     食物的消化，一靠牙齿的咀嚼和胃的蠕动，将食物粉碎 ；二靠唾液 、胃液 、肠液、胆汁 、胰液等消化液的帮助 ，把食物变成可以被吸收的成分 。

The digestion of food depends on the chewing of teeth and the peristalsis of stomach to crush food; Second, with the help of digestive juices such as saliva, gastric juice, intestinal juice, bile and pancreatic juice, food can be turned into absorbable ingredients.

     食物中的蛋白质 、脂肪 、淀粉等营养成分在人体内不断的被分解 、“燃烧 ” ，同时生成二氧化碳 、水 、尿素等 。它们和不能被消化的食物残渣通过呼吸 、排汗 、大小便等途径被排出体外 。

Protein, fat, starch and other nutrients in food are constantly decomposed and "burned" in the human body, and carbon dioxide, water, urea and other nutrients are generated at the same time. They and undigested food residues are excreted through respiration, perspiration, defecation, etc.

4.怎样保护我们的消化器官呢 ？

How to protect our digestive organs

①不挑食 。

Not picky about food

②定时定量 。

Timing and quantification

③吃饭时不要看书 、看电视 。

Don't read or watch TV while eating

④不吃腐烂变质的食物 。

Don't eat rotten food

⑤饭前便后要洗手 。

Wash your hands before and after meals

⑥饭后不要剧烈运动 。

Don't do strenuous exercise after meals

5.办一期关于消化系统卫生保健的手抄报 。

Do a hand copied report on digestive system health care