Day and Night and Biology 15 昼夜与生物 Collect data on your physical condition throughout the day 搜集自己一天中身体情况的各项数据 Time Physical activity Comprehensive Quality 时间 身体活动情况 综合素质 Time 时间 Physical activity 身体活动情况 Comprehensive Analysis 综合分析 Number of heartbeats 心跳次数 Body temperature 体温 Number of breaths 呼吸次数 ······ After getting up 起床后 Before lunch 午饭前 Before dinner 晚饭前 After dinner 晚饭后 Before going to bed 睡觉前 During the day, people are more physically active. 白天，人的身体活动比较活跃。 When waking up in the morning, the body undergoes a series of changes such as increased heart rate and breathing. 当早晨醒来时，人体会发生心跳、呼吸加快等一系列变化； (a) In the evening, the body temperature rises by about °C compared to the early morning hours, and the blood pressure is also at its highest point of the day when waking up in the morning. 傍晚时分，体温会比清晨时升高约℃，血压也早晨起床时的一天最高点； During the night, the heart rate and body temperature begin to drop. 夜里，心跳频率和体温开始下降。 This is a rhythm formed by human beings who have been "working at sunrise and resting at sunset" for a long time. 这是人类长期“日出而作，日落而息”形成的节律。 The effect of diurnal shift on flora and fauna. 昼夜更替对动植物的影响。 The change of day and night is regular, and the plants and animals living on the earth also show regular changes due to the change of day and night. 昼夜的更替是有规律的，生活在地球上的动植物因昼夜更替也呈现出规律性的变化。 Data Card Crew 资料卡槎 6:00 a.m. Spotted Cattleya chrysanthemum opening. 上午6:00斑猫儿菊开放。 7:00 a.m. Marigold opening. 上午7:00万寿菊开放。 8:00 a.m. Mountain Willow Chrysanthemum opens. 上午8:00山柳菊开放。 9:00 a.m. Closure of curly-eared bitter chicory. 上午9:00卷耳苦苣菜闭合。 10:00 a.m. European Inari Closure. 上午10:00欧洲稻槎菜闭合。 11:00 a.m. Bird's Milk Flower opens. 上午11:00鸟乳花开放。 Passiflora opens at 12:00 noon. 中午12:00西番莲开放。 1:00 p.m. Stonecrop closes. 下午1:00石竹闭合。 2:00 p.m. Crimson Sea Green closes. 下午2:00深红海绿闭合。 3:00 p.m. Kittyweed closes. 下午3:00小鹰草闭合。 4:00 p.m. Closure of the small spinner. 下午4:00小旋花闭合。 5:00 p.m. White water lily closes. 下午5:00白睡莲闭合。 6:00 p.m. Evening primrose opens. 下午6:00月见草开放。 The 18th century botanist Linleaus made long term observations of plants and found that the flowering time of different plants is different. 18世纪的植物学家林勒阿斯对植物进行了长期的观察，发现不同植物的开花时间是不相同的。 He also found that similar plants in the same area tend to bloom at the same time every day. 他还发现，同一地区的同类植物往往每天都在同一时间开花。 Based on this fact, he choreographed a "flower clock", replacing each clock hour with a flower, and indicating the flowering time on a clock face-shaped flower bed. 根据这一事实，他编排出一个“花钟”，每一个钟点用一种花代替，把开花时间表示在一个钟面形的花坛上。 Every time he just has to look at the opening of the flowers, he knows what time it is at that time. 每次他只要看一下花的开放情况，就知道当时的时间了。 By the weather and other factors, the opening time of various flowers may change, yo! 受天气等因素的影响，各种花开放的时间可能会发生变化哟！ We can design our own "flower clock" by carefully observing the local plants. 我们可以以认真观察当地的植物，自己设计一个“花钟”。 Name of the flower Time 花名 时间 Petunia Petals begin to open Petals fully opened Petals begin to close 牵牛花 花瓣开始张开 花瓣完全张开 花瓣开始闭合 Petals completely closed 花瓣完全闭合 These animals prefer to be active at night. 这些动物喜欢在夜里活动。 Observation records 观察记录 Animal name：Cricket 动物名称：蟋蟀 Place of observation. 观察场所： Event time. 活动时间： Research findings. 研究结论： Data Card 资料卡 Magpies and swallows prefer to move around during the day and return to their nests to roost at nightfall; they are known as diurnal animals. 喜鹊、燕子等动物喜欢在白天活动，夜幕降临时回巢穴栖息，它们被称为昼行性动物； Animals such as owls prefer to be active at night and they are known as nocturnal animals. 猫头鹰等动物喜欢在夜里活动，它们被称为夜行性动物； Animals such as owls prefer to be active at night, and they are known as nocturnal animals. 猫头鹰等动物喜欢在夜里活动，它们被称为夜行性动物。 Both diurnal and nocturnal animals schedule their activities, rest and reproduction according to the duration of light. 无论昼行性动物还是夜行性动物，都是根据光照持续时间长短来安排它们活动、休息和生殖的时间的。 When the days get longer, nocturnal animals delay their nesting activities, while diurnal animals wake up earlier. 当白昼逐渐变长的时候，夜行性动物便推迟出巢活动的时间，而昼行性动物却醒得更早。 Thus, scientists can change the behavior of animals by varying the time between light and darkness. 因此，科学家可以通过改变光亮与黑暗的时间来改变动物的行为。 When diurnal birds staying in the dark are placed under bright light, they become active in just 15 minutes. 当把待在黑暗环境里的昼行鸟放在明亮的灯光下时，仅仅15分钟，它们就会活跃起来； When the nocturnal birds are illuminated with bright lights, they quickly go to sleep. 当用明亮的灯光照射夜行鸟时，它们便很快进入睡眠状态。 Based on this principle, chicken farms turn on the electric lights in the coop to create artificial daylight when the light fades in the fall to increase the number of eggs laid by the chickens. 根据这个原理，养鸡场在秋天光线逐渐暗淡时，会打开鸡舍的电灯以制造人工白昼，提高鸡产蛋的数量。 Organize your work and rest time records and analyze your work and rest patterns 整理自己的作息时间记录，分析作息规律。 Bedtime 睡觉时间 Wake up time 起床时间 Analysis Report 分析报告 Learn about the contents of the human biological clock and find ways to test your own activity patterns. 了解人体生物钟的内容，想办法测试自己的活动规律。 Analyze the positive effects of bees' daytime activities on humans and plants. 分析蜜蜂白天活动对人类和植物的积极作用。 |
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